Improvement in loom



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l LettcrsPateut No. 88,503, dated 1Mo/rch 30, 1869.

IMPROVEMENT IN LOOM.

The Schedule :refened to in these Letters Patent and making part of the same.

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that we, BENJAMIN OLDFIELD and En- WIN OLDFIELD, of Norwich, in the county of New London, in the State of Connecticut, have invented a new.

and useful`In1provement in Looms; and we do hereby declare the following to be a full, clear, and exact description thereof, enabling those skilled inthe art to make and use the same, reference being had to the accompanying drawing, forming part of this specifica-V tion, in which drawing- Y Figure l represents a sectional rear elevation ot' this invention.

Figure-2 is a front elevation of the shnttle-actuat ing mechanism detached.

Figure 3 is a longitudinal section of the harnessmechanism.

Figure 1 is an end view of the loom, showing the shuttle-mechanism. n

Figure 5 is an end view of the loom, showing the harness-mechanism byracks and pinions, in place of the cords and pulleys generally used for this purposeand the throw of the' shuttles can be easily regulated by changing thev relative proportion of the two pinions.

The invention consists further in connecting the lifter, which imparts motion to the geared slide-rods, with the main shaft by means of a cam and lever, or other equivalent means, in such a manner that three-fths or more of the entire revolution of the shaftare taken up in raising-the lifter, and two-{ifths or less inV depressing the same, and consequently the mot-ion of the shuttles is rendered comparatively slow, and4 the strain on the weitthreads, and the danger-of breaking the same, are materially reduced.

The invention consists further in a harness-motion, which is composed of bell-crank levors, provided with toothed segments, which gear in pinions, or cog-wheels,

to which a reciprocating revolving motion is imparted by toothed slide-rods. The pinions, which gear in-the toothed segments of the bell-crank levers, are provided with stops, which, whenever said piuions arrive at the `cxtreme, ends of their strokes, bear against the 'ends lof the toot-hed segments, and lock the heddle-fi'ames vup or down for any number of picks, as the pattern.- rchain may demand.

'lhe toothed segments and pinlions may, however, be replaced by an oblique. cam-slot,

secured to a slide-rod, and acting on a stud, which projects from a rod, one end of which connects with the vertical arm of a bell-crank lever, While its other end is guidedrin a slotted standard, in such a manner, that by the rising-and-falling motion of the slide-rod with the cam-slo'athe required oscillating motion is impacted to the bell-crank lever, and, as the studdrops into the ends of the cam-slot, the heddle-frame is locked up or `down for any desired number of picks. The .be'll-crank levers on top connect with those at the bottonnby suitable rods, and the rods which connect theseveral sets of bell-crank levers on top and bottom are provided with pear-shapedslots, which catch over buttons projecting from the bell-crank levers,`in such a manner. that the relative ,position of the bell-cranklevers toward each other is clearly defined, and the loom can be mounted level without much loss of time.

Th'evibrators and hooks, by means of which the sliderods are operated, are pivoted to said slide-rods, and they are acted on by the pattern-chain, so that said hooks and slide-rods are capable of being thrown`l in or out of gear with the knives either at top or bottom, as the pattern-chain may require.

rIwo knives are used, which alternate, and which are both lifters and depressers, and they are connected by gears and racks', whereby the alternating-motion is effected. The pattern-chain is composed ci' studs of various' length, in such a manner, that when a long stud comes opposite to one of the vibrating hooks, said'hook is thrown in gear with the outer knife, and, if one of the shortest studs comes opposite to one of the hooks, said hook is allowed to drop in gear with the rear knife, and, if one of the studs of lnediurn length comes opposite to one of the hooks, said hook is held, in a central position, clear of both knives. The motion of the knives commences a little in advance of that of the pattern-chain, so that the hooks are relieved from the strain of the knives before they are acted on by the pattern-chain.

The treadles, and eccentric-studs acting thereon, or any equivalent mechanism which maybe substituted therefor, are so arranged that more 'than one-half of the revolution of the shaft is consumed in lifting or depressing the heddles, allowing of the threads being beaten up while the shed is open. In a close-shed loom, one treadle only is used, and operated by an eccentric-crank motion, the two knives being geared together, and one being connected to the treadle.

A-.represents a frame,`which is made of wood or metal, or both combined, in the'proper form or shape. rlhis frame forms the bearing of the main shaft B, to which a revolving motion is imparted by a belt, running on a fast and loose pulley, G C. f

In the side of pulley G,or of a disk mounted on the shaft B, is a cam-groove, a, which engages with a stud, l1, project-ing from the end of a lever, D. This lever is best seen iu fig. 4.

It has its fulcrum on a stud, c, which projects from the end of the frame A, and from its loose end extends a rod, d, which connects, by a hinge joint, with the lifter e.

This lifter moves up and down on a rod, j', which is fastenedvbetween suitable brackets g, secured to the battcn.E, and said lifter acts alternately on springiooks h, which are pivoted to the slide-rods i t".

These slide-rods move up and down in suitable guidepieces j, secured to the hatten, and they are provided with cogs, and so placed that they can gear, liom opposite sides, into a pinion, or cog-wheel, k, which is mounted on a shaft, l, which has its bearing in a bracket secured to the hatten, best seen in fig. 5.

On this shaft is also mounted a pinion, tm, which meshes directly into one or two shuttle-racks vn u.

In the drawing, we have shown a double sh uttle-batteu, with two shuttleiracks gearing into the pinion la from opposite sides, as shown in tig. 2, and, in this case, the shuttles are driven through thesheds in opposite directions once for every revolution of the main shaft. In a single sh little-hatten, only one shuttle-rack is used, to which rthe required motion is imparted by the pinions lml k, geared slide-rods t t', lifter c, and cam a.

This cam is so shaped that three-fifths .or more of the revolution oi' thc main shaft are taken up in propeiling the shuttle or shuttles through the shed-or sheds, and only two-fifths or less oi' said revolution are required to return the lifter to its lowest position, ready for the next motion. By these means, the motion of the shuttle or shuttles is rendered comparatively slow, the strain on the weft-thread or threads is reduced, and the number of picks can be increased in a corresponding ratio.

It desired, the cam a can be attached to a shaft, which is geared with the main shaft, so that it makes only one revolution for every two otl the main shaft; and, in this case, the lifter-rod d will bei connected directl'y to one of the slide-rods t' i), and the hooks h will be dispensed with. By these means, the motion imparted to the shuttle or shuttles will be the same vas as that produced by the mechanism shown in drawings.

' The harness-motion is composed chietly of a series.

of bell-crank levers, o p q r s tu v w.

The bell-crank levers o p q r s have their bearings on axles b2, secured in the top rails of the frame A, and the bell-crank levers t u 'v w have their bearings on axles o'2 d2, secured in the bottom part 0i' said frame, and the several bell-crank levers connect with each other,and with the lieddle-frame F, as follows:

' The arms p of the bell-crank levers o p q, connect with the arms lr of the levers Ir s, and the armsq and s connect with the heddle-ii'ames.

The'arms o of the levers o p q connect with the arms t of the levers t u, and the arms Ia of these last-named levers connect with the arms lv of the levers i: w, the arms w of which connect with .the heddle-iiames. If

:one of the bell-crank levers o p 1 is tilted in the direction of arrow l, iig. l, the appropriate heddle-i'ame is vers Iis eti'ccted by means of stiii wires, the ends of which pass through holes in thc levers. l

In mounting the loom,the weaver has much trouble to bend thc wires exactly at the proper places, and it takes a long time to mount the loom properly.

It is obvious that our rods ci f" g2, instead of being provided with pear-shaped slots, might be provided with studs, to catch in pear-shaped slots in the bellcrank levers, and, in practice, this last-named arrangement will probably be preferable. The arms o, of the bell-crank levers o p q, are provided with toothed segments jg, which gear in cog-. wheels k2, to which a reciprocating revolvingmotion is anintermittent rotauy motion is imparted, by a hookcatch and catch-wheel, in the usual manner.

Over this cylinder pass the leaves of the patternchain, and from these leaves project a series of pins, o2 ai* 0?", of different lengths. v

If one ot the long pins is brought up against the cor responding tappet n2, the vibrating hook m2, belonging to said tappet, is turnediout and brought in such a position that it engages with the outer knife G; but, if one oi' the short pins, citt, comes opposite the corresponding tappet, the appropriate hook assumes, by its inherent gravity, such a position, that it engages with the inner knife G'.

By the pins oit, of medium length, the appropriate hooks are thrown in such a position that they stand clear of both knives. rIhe length ofthe shortest pins may be reduced to nothing.

It' one ot' the hooks is thrown in gear with one of the knives, the appropriate hook is moved up or down, and, bythe action ofthe cog-wheel k2 and toothed segment-s j, the appropriate heddle-fiame is raised or depressed, according to the direction in which the knife moves.

The cog-wheels h2 are provided with eXtra-sized teeth, or stops p, which are so situated that they bear against the ends of theirtoothed segments, and lock the same in their extreme positions.

In order to effect this purpose without fail, the distance between the stops p2, and the proportion between the cog-wheels k2 and segi'nents j, must be such, that when one of the segment-s has arrived at either of the extreme ends of its stroke, it bears on the stops of its cog-wheel in a radial direction, as indicated by a red lille in iig. l, and, consequently, the strain exerted by the warp on the heddlle-ii'ame is not able to turn said cog-wheel, and to change the position of' the belt, cranklevers, or heddle-t'rame spontaneously, or before the cog-wlieel is turned by its appropriate slide-rod. In fact, the greater the strain ot' the warp, the stronger the lock will be.

By this arrangement, either one of the heddle-fra'mes can be locked up or down, for any number of picks, as the pattern-chain may demand.

As a mechanical equivalent for the cog-wheels 7:, with their stops, and for the segments j?, we have shown, in fi". 1, a cam-slot, ji', which is secured to the top end of one of the slide-rods, and which straddles a piu, kit,

.secured in a rod, li, which extends from the arm p* oi' the bell-crank lever o* p* qi, through a guidebracket, uit, the slide-rod being operatedby the knives and hooks, as previously described. V 4

The cani-slot is composed of an oblique portion, with vertical ends, and as the slide-rod rises, the bell-crank lever o* 11* q* turns in the direction of the arrow marked thereon, in iig. 1, and the appropriate heddle-frame is raised.

\Vhen the sliderod, with the cam-slot, reaches its highest position, the pin la drops into the lower vertical portion of said cam-slot, the heddle-frame is locked up, and, if the slide-rod is lowered, and the .'pin k* catches into the upper vertical end ofthe cam-slot, the beddleframe is locked down.

It will be noticed that, in this case, the vertical parts of the cam-slot form the mechanical equivalent for the stops p2. n

The knives G G are secured in racks q2, which move up and down in suitable guides, and Ywhich are `geared together by intermediate pinions rz.

From the knives extend shackle-bars si, to the treadles I I', which are situated on the opposite side of a. cog-wheel, J, in the sides of which are 4secured the rollerstuds t2, one or more for each treadle.

As the cog-wheel revolves, the studs t2 act alternately on their treadles, and the knives are moved s imultaneously in oppositedirections, one up, when the other goes down, and eine corsa.'

The form of the tappets on the treadles is such that the knives are depressed during two-thirds, more or less, of the revolution of the main shaft, and then allowed to dwell, or remain stationary during the remaining one-third, less or more, of said revolution, the main shaft being geared, together with the cog-wheel J, in such a manner that each knife is iaised during one revolution of the main shaft, and depressed during the next revolution. i

At the same time, the roller-studs t2, and the tappets 011 the trea'dles, are arranged in such relation to each other, that the knives begin to rise very little before the pattern-chain acts on the hooks m2, so that said hooks will be relieved from the strain of the knives, and that the pattern-chain can throw the hooks in the required position, without requiring much power.

In order to effect this purpose, the notches,'which form the hooks, and which admit the knives, must be somewhat higher than the width of .thelknives, so as to allow the knives -to rise or descend a very lshort distance, as previously stated. l

In applying our harness-motion to a close-shed loom, we dispense with one of the treadles, and operate the remaining treadle by an eccentric, or crank-motion.

` v The two knives are geared together, and one of them connects with the treadlc in such a 1nanner,-tliat by the action of this treadle, an alternating reciprocating luotiou is imparted-to the knives, one knife being Vmoved directly from the treadle, and the other through the racks and pinions, which gear the saine together.

VOur means for locking the hcddle-fraine up or down,

can also be applied to a loom with a drop-box, the cogwheels and stops, or their equivalents, being used for locking said drop-box up or down, for any number of picks, as indicated by the pattern-chain. Having thus described our invention, What we claim as new, and desir'e to secure by Letters Patent, is

1. The reciprocating head e, hooks h'h,` and toothed slide-rods i Ii, in combination with cog-wheels m k and shuttle-rack n, of a b'atten, E, combined and operating substantially as and for the purpose set forth. 2. The toothed slide-rods l", in eombination with. the

toothed bell-crank levers o p qand gear-wheels k2, substantiallyv as and for the purpose described.

3. rlhe stop p2, on the cog-wheel ft2, to act in combination with the bell-crank levers o p q, substantially as and for the purpose described. i

4. The slide-rods, provided with oblique cam-slots ji, in combination with the heddle-frames F, and their connecting-mechanism, substantially as and for the purpose set forth.

5. The combination, with bell-crank levers o p q, lr s, t g1., c w, of rods cZf2 g2, provided with slots h2, to catch over studs i2, which project from the arms of the bellcrank levers, or with studs which catch in suitable slots in the, arms of said bell-crank levers, substantially as and for the purpose set forth.

6. The vibrating hooks mz, pivoted to the slide-rods l-,and acting, in combination with the pattern-chain and knife, or knives, substantially as and for the purpose described. l 7 The combination, with the reciprocating knives G G', and one or more treadles I, of racks g2, and pinions frz, arranged and operating substantially as and for the purpose set forth. i

S, The cog-wheel J, having adjustable roller-studs t?, in combination with the treadles I I', uknives G G', their connecting-devices, and the pattern-chain, substantially as and for the purpose described.

This specification signed by us, this 28th day of ]1ebruary, 1868.

BENJAMIN OLDFIELD.

y EDWIN OLDFIELD.

Witnesses a S. T. HoLBnooK, G. B. ROGERS. 

